Value At Risk And Risk Management - 2858 Words

Value at Risk Framework or VAR framework is mainly used for financial risk management or financial mathematics in measuring the risk element on a definite portfolio of financial assets, present in any economic organization. This particular portfolio comprises of time event and probability, which states the threshold of the risk loss value over the period of time. These risk loss values are assumed to be according to the market to market pricing, no trading and normal market which contributes in this risk valued portfolio. The risk management of Value at Risk is done by risk managers which are responsible for measuring and controlling the risk levels that are present in an organization. Considering the modern portfolio theory, the third constituent of portfolio is amount of investment which then creates a mean-variance framework risk. This framework risk is defined in terms of possible variation in the expected portfolio which will describe the risk value loss in financial assets of a n economic organization. The Value at Risk framework and management help an organization in analyzing the risk loss in the financial resources, which increase its use in many businesses, organizations and institutions. (Hassan, 2009) The organization use this VAR framework in analyzing the potential losses in many risk management ideas which include stress testing, backtesting, expected shortfall, tail conditional expectation and economic capital. These are the few important ideas that have beenShow MoreRelatedThe Value At Risk Management1219 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion: What is the most I can loose on my investment? The Value at Risk, commonly known as VaR, tries to answer this question within a reasonable bound. VaR is used in financial mathematics and financial risk management as a risk management tool to measure the risk of loss of an individual asset or a whole portfolio. Although it provides a good sense of risk one is undertaking, it shouldn’t be an alternative method to risk adjusted value and or other probabilistic approaches. In the following linesRead MoreRisk Management Theory : Equity Value1254 Words   |  6 PagesRisk management theory can be divided in two competing approaches: equity value maximising strategies and strategies determined by managerial risk aversion. The first category suggests that hedging can increase the market value of equity and that companies should be concerned with total risk rather than systematic risk. There is, however, no comprehensive framework for explaining risk management within the imperfect financial environment in which firms operate. Therefore, it is not possible to drawRead MoreVALUE AND RISK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL FOR DYNAMIC BRIEF DEVELOPMENT IN CONSTRUCTION8325 Words   |  34 PagesEmirates Journal for Engineering Research, 10 (2), 23-36 (2005) (Regular Paper) VALUE AND RISK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL FOR DYNAMIC BRIEF DEVELOPMENT IN CONSTRUCTION A.A.E. OTHMAN Department of Social Services and Commercial Buildings, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates aothman@emirates.net.ae (Received August 2005 and accepted November 2005) †«Ã˜ §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ » ¨Ã¯ »Ë†Ã¯ º ®Ã¯ » ³Ã¯ ºÅ½Ã˜ ª Ø §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ º ¤Ã¯ ºÅ½Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ » ´Ã¯ ºâ€ ï »Å¸Ã¯ »Å'ï » ¤Ã¯ »  Ã¯ » ´Ã¯ ºâ€ Ø §Ã¯ º ³Ã¯ ºËœÃ¯ º ¨Ã¯ » ¼Ã˜ µ ï » £Ã¯ ºËœÃ¯ »â€žÃ¯ »  Ã¯ ºâ€™Ã¯ ºÅ½Ã˜ ª Ø §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ » ¤Ã¯ º ¸Ã¯ º ®Ã™Ë†Ã˜ ¹ ï ºâ€"ï º ¤Ã¯ º ªÃ˜ ¯ ï ºâ€"ï »â€žÃ¯ » ®Ã¯ » ³Ã¯ º ® Ù‡ï º ¬Ã¯ » © Ø §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ » ¤Ã¯ ºËœÃ¯ »â€žÃ¯ »  Ã¯ ºâ€™Ã¯ ºÅ½Ã˜ ª Ø §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ » ² ï » £Ã¯ º ®Ã¯ º £Ã¯ »  Ã¯ ºâ€ ï » £Ã¯ »Å'ï » ´Ã¯ » ¨Ã¯ ºâ€. Ù‡ï º ¬Ã˜ § Ø §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ » ¤Ã¯ » ¨Ã¯ »Ë†Ã¯ » ®Ã˜ ±Ã¢â‚¬ ¬ .†«Ã¯ » ³Ã¯ »Å'ï » ®Ã™â€š Ø §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ ºËœÃ¯ »â€Ã¯ ºÅ½Ã¯ »â€¹Ã¯ »Å¾ ï ºâ€˜Ã¯ » ´Ã¯ » ¦ Ø §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ » ¤Ã¯ ºÅ½Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ »Å¡ Ùˆ Ø §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ » ¤Ã¯ º ¼Ã¯ » ¤Ã¯ » ¢Ã˜Å' Ø ¢Ã¯ » ¤Ã¯ ºÅ½ ï » ³Ã¯ » ¤Ã¯ » ¨Ã¯ »Å  Ø §Ã¯ » »Ã¯ º ³Ã¯ ºËœÃ¯ »â€Ã¯ ºÅ½Ã˜ ¯Ã˜ ©Read MoreRisk Assessment : An Essential Part Of A Risk Management Process1046 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The risk assessment is an essential part of a risk management process designed to provide appropriate levels of security for information systems. The assessment approach analyzes the relationships among assets, threats, vulnerabilities and other elements. Security risk assessment should be a continuous activity. Thus, a comprehensive enterprise security risk assessment should be conducted at least once every two years to explore the risks associated with the organization’s informationRead MoreInformation Systems Strategic Planning Risk And Performance Management942 Words   |  4 Pages BA531 Business Performance Management Week 1 Assignment Information Systems Strategic Planning Risk Performance David Nagus Grantham University Professor Duhn Sept 3, 2015 1. State a simple definition of performance management. Performance management is a process that provides feedback and accountability and also documentation for performance outcomes. It is a forum to help employees channel their talents toward organizational goals. 2. State the three major strategic choices facing firmsRead MoreEffective Quality Management And Risk Management874 Words   |  4 PagesIII. Effective Quality Management Although hundreds of management methods are developed, most research considers a non-holistic software quality management (SQM) viewpoint and focuses on development-phase-specific quality assurance (QA) methods and activities. To support SQM, we study effective quality management (EQM) to get acceptance of adequate product quality assurance activities by a minimum set of stakeholders, developers, customers, and users.[1] Value engineering (VE) is a method thatRead MoreThe Role Of Internal Audit Departments On The Business Community On How Their Work Adds Value1201 Words   |  5 Pagesthe business community on how their work adds value to an organization. Internal audit departments commonly have an IT audit component which is deployed with a clear perspective on its role in an organization. However, in our experience as IT auditors, the wider business community needs to understand the IT audit function in order to realize the maximum benefit. In this context, we are publishing this brief overview of the specific benefits and added value provided by an IT audit. To be specific, ITRead MoreThe Valuation Implications Of Enterprise Risk Management1047 Words   |  5 PagesThe Valuation Implications of Enterprise Risk Management Maturity by Mark Farrell and Ronan Gallagher seeks to prove that firms who integrate the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) process tend to enhance their value by recognizing risk. This article states that enterprises will be subject to many risks and that the goal of ERM is to â€Å"model, measure, analyze, and respond to these risks in a holistic manner† (p. 625). As defined by the Casualty Actuarial Society (2003) ERM is â€Å"the discipline by whichRead MoreRisk Management Process1617 Words   |  7 Pages4 DESCRIPTION 4 RISK MANAGEMENT FLOW 5 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 6 RISK TRACKING PROCESS 7 Identify Risks 7 Assess and Prioritize Risks 7 Determine Course of Action 8 Review and Monitor Risks 8 RISK MANAGEMENT LOG ENTRY DEFINITIONS 9 PROCESS ASSISTANCE, QUESTIONS, OR RECOMMENDATIONS 10 APPENDIX A: RISK MANAGEMENT LOG 11 Document Overview Purpose The purpose of this Risk Management Process document is: †¢ To provide a framework to track and monitor project risks throughout the projectRead MoreInformation Risk And Its Effects On Financial And Investment Policies Essay987 Words   |  4 Pages11. Information risk refers to the potential harm that can be done by employees, third parties, data breaches, etc. The information risk puts a lot of pressure on financial and investment policies. Therefore, it should be properly managed to reduce the occurrence of events that can negatively influence the company internal or external processes. The information risk can be mitigated by technologies (Fraser Simkins, 2010, p. 510 - 511). 12. Internal environment - includes conditions, events, and

The Freedom Riders The Law Of Segregation For Public...

The Freedom Riders were a group of civil rights activists who wanted to test the law of segregation for public transportation. The group of riders were interracial, male and female, and consisted of students, leaders, and organizations who wanted to fight for civil rights. In 1960, the Supreme Court ruled segregation in interstate travel as unconstitutional, therefore these activists set out to test this law. Throughout 1961, the Freedom Riders rode buses into the deep southern states, which happened to be the most segregated. They wanted to see how the townspeople would react, by accepted or declining the new law. The results were terrifying and brutal, white mobs would chase the riders out, beating them, and forcing them to fear for their lives. The riders were ignored, after all the beatings, threats, and arrests, they still never backed down. They stood up for each other and their rights, which lead to their victory of desegregating transportation along with other public faciliti es, schools, and restaurants. These strong men and women define bravery, they have made a glorifying impact on society and have allowed equal rights to expand beyond belief, although nothing will ever change the struggles these riders went through. This research will deeply explain only some of the hardships the Freedom Riders dealt with, as well as the brutality they faced. It will continue to explain how African Americans are still facing racial profiling, and prejudice acts daily.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Freedom Riders1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe Freedom Riders were a group of college students and leaders of various racial equality organizations, both blacks and whites, which tested the law of integration for public transportation. The law was instated, but Alabama especially didn’t follow it. The Freedom Riders rode buses into the cities to see if the townspeople accepted or declined the new law. They in turn ended up beating, pummeling, and chasing the riders out of t own with the white mobs. The Freedom Riders violently fought the segregationRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1531 Words   |  7 PagesDisenfranchisement, segregation, and oppression still existed in Southern states for African Americans in the 1960, although it has been nearly 100 years since the Emancipation Proclamation. African Americans were still segregated from classrooms, restrooms, theatres, etc. due to â€Å"Jim Crow† laws; and in 1954, the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine was struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court. For hundreds of years African Americans fought for their civil rights, desegregation, and basic human rights. Read MoreThe Freedom Riders Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesstill segregated. Segregation in many public places continued especially in the South. At this time, segregation was legal. In 1892, the Supreme Court had ruled that a state could separate whites and blacks as long as the services were equal. On May 4, 1961, a diverse group of thirteen courageous individuals known as the Freedom Riders embarked on a bus journey into the South in order to challenge segregation in bus terminals. Although many individuals believed that segregation was wrong, manyRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement: Freedom Rides Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesin the form of the Freedom Rides. After slavery ended, many amendments and laws were created to ensure the rights of African Americans, but because of prejudices and racism, most of these were ignored. The Supreme Courts decision in Plessy v. Fergunson established separate but equal on interstate transportation in 1896, but in 1947 the Supreme Court found it unconstitutional. And although segregation was outlawed, Jim Crow laws still ruled the Deep South and â€Å"codified in law, sanctioned by theRead MoreViewing The Protest Made Me Feel Extremely Sad. The Entire1749 Words   |  7 Pageshorrific things that has happened to these freedom riders was overwhelming. Hence, the protest is immensely justified. It portrayed that all what these men and women wanted was to not be subjugated by white supremacists anymore. It also shows that these active freedom riders wanted to curtail the erroneous idea that blacks were inferior to whites. This protest is very paramount as to it shows that blacks as well as some white people were tired of segregation thus they decided to actively fight the problemRead MoreFreedom Riders: Rebels with a Cause1400 Words   |  6 PagesFreedom Riders: Rebels with a Cause â€Å"If not us, then who? If not now, then when? Will there be a better day for it tomorrow or next year? Will it be less dangerous then? Will someone else’s children have to risk their lives instead of us risking ours?† -- John Lewis May 16, 1961, to other Nashville students considering joining the Freedom Rides John Lewis, a young black man who was born in the South, participated in the Freedom Rides. His statement rang true when Nashville students were facedRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pagescitizenship, segregation and various forms of oppression, including race-inspired violence. â€Å"Jim Crow† laws at the local and state levels. The nonviolent protest and civil disobedient were used by the civil right activist to bring change. Many leaders within the Black community and beyond distinguished during the Civil Rights era, including Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks, Andrew Goodman and leaders of Christian organization. Many risked their life and others lost their life name of freedom and equalityRead MoreBy the late 1950s, the African American community was ready to fight for the major social change600 Words   |  3 Pagesto push for African American civil rights. In the effort to desegregate public buildings and transportation, people began to hold s it-ins. These involved peacefully occupying a space in a place such as a hotel, bus, or restaurant as an act of protest. Some early forms of the sit-in movement were the Freedom Rides, which were developed to test a 1946 Supreme Court decision declaring that segregation on interstate transportation was unconstitutional.1 In 1947, the civil rights group known as the CongressRead MoreThe Importance Of Freedom Rides1130 Words   |  5 PagesImagine how it would feel if you were not allowed to go into the same bathroom as everyone else, if you were told to sit in a cut off section of a restaurant, or if you were made to sit on the back of a public bus. African Americans had to endure that way of life majority of the 20th century. They did not get the same equal rights as any other human beings in America(Lifson). Because of the mistreatment, African Americans began to take a stand and speak out on the injustices they face everyday justRead MoreEssay about Freedom Riders1575 Words   |  7 Pages Freedom Riders â€Å"Freedom Riders† were a group of people, both black and white, who were civil rights activists from the North who â€Å"meant to demonstrate that segregated travel on interstate buses, even though banned by an I.C.C. Ruling, were still being enforced throughout much of the South† (The South 16). The Riders attempted to prove this by having a dozen or so white and black Freedom Riders board buses in the North and travel through Southern cities. This was all â€Å"a coldly calculated attempt

Wollstonecraft Fight on Women’s Right of Equality Free Essays

To every generation marriage brings new meaning and different expectations. Some never want to get married, some think of it as a trap, some believe that is the only way to survive, some find it sacred, some just do it because of children and some have been brought up to think marriage is a part of the cycle of life. Since the 1700†³s, men have dominated relationships and women have been the â€Å"victims†. We will write a custom essay sample on Wollstonecraft Fight on Women’s Right of Equality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mary Wollstonecraft was aware of this domination in the 1700†³s and worked to educate women to become individuals. She believes that through education women are able to progress in relationships and not become a â€Å"slaves† to men. Times have changed and women have made more of a place for themselves in society. Throughout The Vindications, The Rights of Woman, Wollstonecraft argues how important it is for women to be educated in order for them to progress through life and especially in marriage. This is clearly seen when she states, â€Å"if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all†(102). Wollstonecraft argues that a woman cannot even be a good mother without education. â€Å"Can they be expected to govern a family with judgment, or take care of the poor babes whom they bring into the world?†(113). Women today have the luxury of pursuing a higher education and with that doors of opportunity are opened. On account of these chances women now have more validity in this country. Women being portrayed as a sex symbols has been emphasized for generations. Their main focus has been to be beautiful and desired by all men. Even today we still open up almost every magazine to beautiful, skinny, sexy women. This is what the ideal woman should look like. This is what is desired by men. Wollstonecraft argues that through † the desire of establishing themselves,- the only way women can rise in the world,- by marriage†(112). The myth of a sexy, desirable woman still exists. Other than the pursuit of marriage, women now have other avenues to follow for a successful and fruitful life. Throughout The Vindications The Rights of Woman, Wollstonecraft looked down on marriage because of the inequalities between men and women. She believed that â€Å"woman and man were made for each other; but their mutual dependence is not the same. The men depend on the women only on account of their desires; the women on the men both on account of their desires and their necessities†(200). Mary discusses how through the progress of knowledge women are able to become more equal to men. Through education and virtue women would not â€Å"marry merely to better themselves†(194). Most women today don†t feel that their â€Å"prize† in life is a husband. Marriage is more about partners and being equal. Equality stems from knowledge and the power of education. With every generation brings unexpected changes, new desires, new values and yet many traditions stay the same. Hopefully each generation of women will acquire and keep sacred the knowledge they receive from the women before them. How to cite Wollstonecraft Fight on Women’s Right of Equality, Papers Wollstonecraft Fight on Women’s Right of Equality Free Essays To every generation marriage brings new meaning and different expectations. Some never want to get married, some think of it as a trap, some believe that is the only way to survive, some find it sacred, some just do it because of children and some have been brought up to think marriage is a part of the cycle of life. Since the 1700†³s, men have dominated relationships and women have been the â€Å"victims†. We will write a custom essay sample on Wollstonecraft Fight on Women’s Right of Equality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mary Wollstonecraft was aware of this domination in the 1700†³s and worked to educate women to become individuals. She believes that through education women are able to progress in relationships and not become a â€Å"slaves† to men. Times have changed and women have made more of a place for themselves in society. Throughout The Vindications, The Rights of Woman, Wollstonecraft argues how important it is for women to be educated in order for them to progress through life and especially in marriage. This is clearly seen when she states, â€Å"if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all†(102). Wollstonecraft argues that a woman cannot even be a good mother without education. â€Å"Can they be expected to govern a family with judgment, or take care of the poor babes whom they bring into the world?†(113). Women today have the luxury of pursuing a higher education and with that doors of opportunity are opened. On account of these chances women now have more validity in this country. Women being portrayed as a sex symbols has been emphasized for generations. Their main focus has been to be beautiful and desired by all men. Even today we still open up almost every magazine to beautiful, skinny, sexy women. This is what the ideal woman should look like. This is what is desired by men. Wollstonecraft argues that through † the desire of establishing themselves,- the only way women can rise in the world,- by marriage†(112). The myth of a sexy, desirable woman still exists. Other than the pursuit of marriage, women now have other avenues to follow for a successful and fruitful life. Throughout The Vindications The Rights of Woman, Wollstonecraft looked down on marriage because of the inequalities between men and women. She believed that â€Å"woman and man were made for each other; but their mutual dependence is not the same. The men depend on the women only on account of their desires; the women on the men both on account of their desires and their necessities†(200). Mary discusses how through the progress of knowledge women are able to become more equal to men. Through education and virtue women would not â€Å"marry merely to better themselves†(194). Most women today don†t feel that their â€Å"prize† in life is a husband. Marriage is more about partners and being equal. Equality stems from knowledge and the power of education. With every generation brings unexpected changes, new desires, new values and yet many traditions stay the same. Hopefully each generation of women will acquire and keep sacred the knowledge they receive from the women before them. How to cite Wollstonecraft Fight on Women’s Right of Equality, Papers

Data Mining and Machine Learning

Question: Discuss about theData Mining and Machine Learning. Answer: Preprocessing in Data Mining Steps for Preprocessing Data preprocessing method have four methods. They are, Data Cleaning Data Discretization Data Transformation Data Reduction Conclusion of Data Pre-Processing Steps In preprocessing stage, the training data of the file is modified to understandable format. The user viewed the data and understand the attributes available on the training data set. User used the filter option and views the data as clean. Then the user did group the data as based on the data type. The numerical data and the character data formed as group separately. The decimal value is changed as a whole value by the transformation method. Then the data reduction method is done in preprocessing stage. Finally got fully preprocessed data. The data is a clean data. Decision Tree explanation and why it has been chosen Decision Tree is a class for generating a pruned or unpruned C4.5 decision tree. Here in decision tree target class attribute as Year_Of_Study here goes to leaf and other attributes to branches. J28 Decision tree is used to classify the new item of the given data. For create the new item, first need to crate the decision tree. This decision tree made by using the attributes of the given training data. Particularly, the J48 decision tree is notify the attributes that clearly view the various instances when the training set is encounters. This is main advantage of the J48 algorithm. It gives the detail information about the all data instance. So, the user get the highest information of the training set data. In all the possible values of data, user take the target value as which data value is not provide the ambiguity. No ambiguity of data together to form a category. This category have the same target value. After obtain the target value user will terminate the branch. Then for other cases, go to another attribute and get the highest information. This algorithm is mainly user for finding the dependent attribute. Other methods not do this. References Class Notes, Book chapters, Class presentation materials.